Energy and respiration

In this chapter, you will learn to:

• Explain why living organisms require energy.

• Describe why ATP is well-suited as the universal energy carrier.

• Explain how ATP is produced.

• Outline the stages of aerobic respiration—glycolysis, the link reaction, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation—including the roles of NAD, FAD, and coenzyme A.

• Describe how the structure of mitochondria relates to their function.

• Summarize lactic acid fermentation and ethanol production under anaerobic conditions.

• Explain the adaptations of rice that allow it to grow with roots submerged in water.

• Compare the energy content of various respiratory substrates.

• Calculate respiratory quotients.

• Describe how to conduct experiments using respirometers.

• Explain how to perform investigations using redox indicators.