Introduction

The Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology 9700 program is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of biological concepts, practical skills, and scientific inquiry. It builds a strong foundation in cell biology, biochemistry, physiology, genetics, ecology, and evolution, preparing learners for further study in biology or related fields. The course emphasizes not only knowledge acquisition but also the development of analytical skills, experimental techniques, and the ability to apply scientific principles to real-world problems.

Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology 9700 Syllabus Overview

AS Level Topics (Sections 1–11)

1. Cell structure

   • The microscope in cell studies

   • Cells as the basic units of living organisms

2. Biological molecules

   • Testing for biological molecules

   • Carbohydrates and lipids

   • Proteins

   • Water

3. Enzymes

   • Mode of action of enzymes

   • Factors that affect enzyme action

4. Cell membranes and transport

   • Fluid mosaic membranes

   • Movement into and out of cells

5. The mitotic cell cycle

   • Replication and division of nuclei and cells

   • Chromosome behaviour in mitosis

6. Nucleic acids and protein synthesis

   • Structure of nucleic acids and replication of DNA

   • Protein synthesis

7. Transport in plants

   • Structure of transport tissues

   • Transport mechanisms

8. Transport in mammals

   • The circulatory system

   • Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide

   • The heart

9. Gas exchange

   • The gas exchange system

10. Infectious diseases

    • Infectious diseases

    • Antibiotics

11. Immunity

    • The immune system

    • Antibodies and vaccination

Additional A Level Topics (Sections 12–19)

1. Energy and respiration

   • Energy

   • Respiration

2. Photosynthesis

   • Photosynthesis as an energy transfer process

   • Investigation of limiting factors

3. Homeostasis

   • Homeostasis in mammals

   • Homeostasis in plants

4. Control and coordination

   • Control and coordination in mammals

   • Control and coordination in plants

5. Inheritance

   • Passage of information from parents to offspring

   • The roles of genes in determining the phenotype

   • Gene control

6. Selection and evolution

   • Variation

   • Natural and artificial selection

   • Evolution

7. Classification, biodiversity and conservation

   • Classification

   • Biodiversity

   • Conservation

8. Genetic technology

   • Principles of genetic technology

   • Genetic technology applied to medicine

   • Genetically modified organisms in agriculture

This syllabus combines theoretical knowledge with practical skills and investigative work, fostering scientific thinking and preparing students for higher education and careers in biological sciences.