Immunity

In this chapter, you will learn to:

• Describe how macrophages and neutrophils function in the immune response.

• Define the term antigen and distinguish between self and non-self antigens.

• Explain the events of a primary immune response and the role of memory cells in providing long-lasting immunity.

• Describe how the structure of antibodies relates to their specific functions.

• Summarize the hybridoma technique for producing monoclonal antibodies and explain how these antibodies are used in disease diagnosis and treatment.

• Differentiate between various types of immunity: active vs. passive and natural vs. artificial.

• Explain that vaccines contain antigens that trigger immune responses to establish long-term immunity, and describe how vaccination programs help control infectious disease spread.